INDONESIA
At some 2 150 TWh/year, Indonesia’s gross theoretical
hydro potential is the third largest in Asia. Its
technically exploitable capability is just over 400
TWh/year, of which about 10% is considered to be economically
exploitable. Hydro output in 1999 was about 13 TWh,
indicating the possible scope for further development
within the feasible potential. Hydro provides approximately
11% of Indonesia’s electricity supplies.
Hydropower & Dams World Atlas 2001 reports that about
565 MW of hydro-electric generating capacity is under
construction and that another six hydro projects (all
in the range of 330-400 MW) are planned for early
implementation.
ITALY
Italy’s theoretical resource base for hydropower is
one of the largest in Western Europe, and its economically
exploitable capability is virtually the same as that
of France. Hydro-electric power has not, however,
been developed to the same degree as in the case of
its neighbour: about 72% of the assessed economic
potential of 65 000 GWh/year has so far been harnessed.
At the end of 1999, 86 MW of hydro generating plant
was reported to be under construction.
The installed capacity of small-scale plants at end-1999
was some 2 200 MW, representing about 13% of the overall
hydro capacity of 16 546 MW.
JAPAN
Japan has a vast potential for hydro generation: its
gross theoretical capability is about 718 TWh/year,
of which 136 TWh is regarded as technically exploitable.
Hydro generation (excluding output from pumped-storage
schemes) in 1999 was approximately 85 TWh, equivalent
to 62% of the technical potential and providing about
9% of Japan’s electricity.
At end-1999, just under 1 000 MW of hydro capacity
was under construction. Most of the sites suitable
for the installation of large-scale conventional hydro-electric
plants have now been developed. The great majority
of the larger hydro projects presently under construction
or planned in Japan are pumped-storage schemes.
The technically exploitable capability for small-scale
hydro developments is assessed at 47 TWh/year, a relatively
high proportion (34%) of the total hydro level. Developed
small-hydro capacity at end-1999 was about 3.4 GW,
equivalent to 12.7% of total hydro capacity.
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