ICELAND
Together with its geothermal resources, Iceland’s
hydropower potential represents virtually its only
indigenous source of commercial primary energy. Gross
theoretical potential of 184 TWh/year includes 40
TWh of economically harnessable output. Hydro-electricity
production in 1999 was just over 6 TWh, implying that
about 15% of this economic potential has been developed.
Hydro capacity at present under construction will
add 90 MW to the existing installed capacity of 1
000 MW. A further 800 MW of hydro capacity is planned.
The technically exploitable capability of small-scale
hydro plants is reported to be 12.3 TWh/year, equivalent
to about 19% of the level for total hydro. Installed
capacity of small hydro at end-1999 was 43 MW, or
4.3% of total hydro capacity.
Hydropower provides 18% of Iceland’s primary energy
supply and 84% of its electricity generation
INDIA
India’s gross theoretical hydropower potential (2
638 TWh/yr) and theoretically feasible potential (660
TWh/yr) are amongst the highest in the world. The
public utilities’ total installed hydro-electric capacity
exceeded 22 000 MW by the end of 1999 and rose by
1 100 MW during 2000. Hydro output in 1999 was 82.2
TWh, equivalent to 17.5% of India’s public sector
electricity generation. According to the 1997 Energy
Statistics Yearbook published by the United Nations
Statistics Division, non-utility (self-producers)
generation of hydro-electricity has so far been on
a very small scale; however, several IPP hydro plants
are now under construction.
Hydropower & Dams World Atlas 2001 reports that a
total of some 15 GW of hydro capacity is under construction
and a further 25 GW is planned. There are at least
17 plants of over 300 MW capacity being built, of
which the largest are Nathpa Jhakri (1 500 MW), Sardar
Sarovar (1 200 MW), Tehri Stage I (1 000 MW) and Narmada
Sagar (1 000 MW).
Over 1 500 small-scale hydro plants are in operation,
with an aggregate installed capacity of about 400
MW; a further 365 MW of small-scale capacity is under
construction in more than 80 schemes. Over 1 000 schemes,
totalling around 500 MW in capacity, are at the planning
stage.
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